Cultural regions of North American people at the time of European contact.
Early Indian languages in the US
Early Indian languages in Alaska
Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). The following list groups peoples by their region of origin, followed by the current location. See the individual article on each tribe or First Nation for a history of their movements. See the List of Native American Tribal Entities for the United States' official list of recognized Native American tribes. The regions are:
[edit] United States and Canada
[edit] Arctic
[edit] Subarctic
Distribution of Cree peoples
- Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
- Anishinaabe (see also Northeast Woodlands, Plains)
- Oji-Cree (Anishinini, Severn Ojibwa) Ontario, Manitoba
- Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Ontario, Manitoba, Minnesota
- Atikamekw
- Bearlake
- Chipewyan
- Cree
- Dakelh
- Deg Hit’an (Deg Xinag, Degexit’an, Kaiyuhkhotana)
- Dena’ina (Dialects: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River)
- Dogrib
- Dunneza (Beaver)
- Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux)
- Hän
- Hare
- Holikachuk
- Innu
- Kaska (Nahane)
- Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim)
- Koyukon
- Mountain
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[edit] California
- Abenaki
- Accohannock Maryland
- Algonquian lower Saint Lawrence River
- Anishinaabe (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Plains)
- Beothuk formerly Newfoundland, no longer exist
- Caniba
- Chicora Eastern NC & SC
- Chowanoc in North Carolina.
- Congarees in North Carolina
- Piscataway-Conoy
- Coree in North Carolina.
- Eno. North Carolina
- Erie
- Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet)
- Fox
- Hatteras
- Ho-Chunk Wisconsin
- Honniasont Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
- Hopewell Ohio and Black River region
- Huron/Wyandot Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma and Wendake, Quebec
- Illinois Illinois
- Iroquois New York
- Jaupin or Weapemoc. North Carolina.
- Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico
- Keyauwee, North Carolina
- Laurentian/St. Lawrence Iroquoians
- Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Ontario and Oklahoma
- Loup A
- Loup B
- Lumbee
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- Hammonasset, Mattabesec, Mattatuck, Menunkatuck, Meriden (tribe), Mioonkhtuck, Naugatuck (people), Nehantic, Paugusset, Podunk (people), Potatuck, Totoket, Tunxis, Wangunk, Wepawaug
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[edit] Plateau
- Cayuse Oregon
- Celilo (Wayampam)
- Upper Chinookan (Dialects: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River, Wasco, Wishram, Kathlamet, Cathlamet, Multnomah)
- Columbian (Dialects: Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
- Coeur d'Alene Idaho
- Colville Washington
- Upper Cowlitz
- Flathead (Selisch or Salish) Idaho and Montana
- Klamath Oregon
- Klickitat Tribe Washington
- Kootenai/Ktunaxa British Columbia, Montana, Idaho
- Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
- Modoc California, Oregon
- Molala (Molale) Oregon
- Nez Perce Idaho
- Nicola Athapaskans (extinct)
- Nicola people
- Nlaka'pamux aka the Thompson people
- Okanagan (Siylx), BC & Washington
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[edit] Northwest Coast
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- Ahantchuyuk - see Kalapuya
- Alsea
- Applegate
- Atfalati - see Kalapuya
- Bella Bella - see Heiltsuk
- Bella Coola - see Nuxalk
- Burrard - see Tsleil-waututh
- Calapooia - see Kalapuya
- Calapuya - see Kalapuya
- Central Kalapuya - see Kalapuya
- Chasta Costa - see Rogue River
- Chehalis (Upper and Lower) Washington
- Chehalis (BC), Fraser Valley
- Chemakum Washington (extinct)
- Chetco - see Tolowa
- Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
- Clallam - see Klallam
- Clatsop
- Comox Vancouver Island/BC Georgia Strait
- Coos {Hanis} Oregon
- Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
- Upper Coquille
- Cowichan Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait
- Lower Cowlitz Washington
- Duwamish Washington
- Eyak Alaska
- Galice
- Gitxsan, British Columbia
- Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) BC & Alaska
- Haisla BC North/Central Coast
- Heiltsuk BC Central Coast
- Hoh Washington
- Kalapuya (Calapooia, Calapuya)
- Klallam (Clallam, Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
- Klickitat
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwatami
- Lakmiut - see Kalapuya
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[edit] Plains
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Main article: Plains Indians
- Further information: Native American tribes in Nebraska
- Anishinaabe (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Northeast Woodlands)
- Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
- Ottawa (Odawa) Oklahoma
- Potawatomi Kansas, Oklahoma
- Jicarilla Apache New Mexico
- Lipan Apache New Mexico, Texas
- Mescalero Apache New Mexico
- Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache) Oklahoma
- Arapaho (Arapahoe, Arrapahoe) Oklahoma, Wyoming
- Arikara (Arikaree, Arikari, Ree) North Dakota
- Atsina (Gros Ventre) Montana
- Blackfoot
- Cheyenne Montana, Oklahoma
- Comanche Oklahoma
- Plains Cree Montana
- Crow (Absaroka, Apsáalooke) Montana
- Hasinai
- Hidatsa North Dakota
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- Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Kaw (Kansa, Kanza) Oklahoma
- Kiowa Oklahoma
- Kitsai (Kichai) Oklahoma
- Mandan North Dakota
- Missouri (Missouria) Oklahoma
- Omaha Nebraska
- Osage Oklahoma
- Otoe (Oto) Oklahoma
- Pawnee (dialects: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma
- Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Quapaw Oklahoma
- Sioux
- Dakota Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
- Lakota (Teton) Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Saskatchewan
- Stoney Alberta
- Assiniboine (Assiniboin) Montana, Saskatchewan (Fort Peck Indian Reservation is home to Assiniboine and Sioux)
- Tonkawa Oklahoma
- Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina) Alberta
- Wichita (Affiliated Tribes − Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi) Oklahoma
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- Abihka Alabama
- Adaes - see Adai
- Acolapissa Louisiana
- Adahi - see Adai
- Adai (Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) Louisiana
- Adaise - see Adai
- Adaizan - see Adai
- Adaizi - see Adai
- Adees - see Adai
- Ais Florida
- Akokisa Texas southeast coast
- Alabama Alabama
- Alafay (Alafia, Pojoy, Pohoy, Costas Alafeyes, Alafaya Costas) Florida
- Amacano Florida
- Apalachee Florida
- Apalachicola Georgia, Florida
- Atakapa (Attacapa) Louisiana west coast
- Atayos - see Adai
- Attacapa - see Atakapa
- Avoyel ("little Natchez") northern Texas
- Backhooks Nation (=Pahoc ?) South Carolina
- Bayogoula southeastern Louisiana
- Bidai eastern Texas
- Biloxi Mississippi
- Boca Ratones Florida
- Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
- Calusa Florida
- Cape Fear Indians North Carolina southern coast
- Catawba South Carolina
- Chatot (tribe) (Chacato, Chactoo) West Florida
- Chawasha
- Cheraw (Chara, Charàh) North Carolina
- Cherokee North Carolina, Eastern Tennessee; later Oklahoma
- Chiaha
- Chickahominy Virginia
- Chickamauga A Branch of Cherokee in Southeastern Tennessee, Northeastern Georgia
- Chickanee (Chiquini) North Carolina
- Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, later Oklahoma
- Chine Florida
- Chisca (Cisca) Florida
- Chitimacha Louisiana
- Choctaw Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of Louisiana; later Oklahoma
- Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
- Congaree (Canggaree) South Carolina
- Coree North Carolina
- Coushatta Louisiana
- Coharie North Carolina
- Cusabo coastal South Carolina
- Eno (people) North Carolina
- Eyeish (Hais, Aliche, Aiche) eastern Texas
- Garza Texas, northern Mexico
- Grigra
- Guacata (Santalûces) Florida
- Guacozo Florida
- Guazoco Florida
- Guale (Iguaja, Ybaja) coastal Georgia & Florida
- Hitchiti Georgia, Alabama, Florida
- Hooks Nation (=Huaq ?) South Carolina
- Houma Louisiana
- Iswa
- Jaega Florida
- Jobe (Hobe) Florida, part of Jaega
- Jororo Florida
- Keyauwee North Carolina
- Koasati
- Koroa
- Luca (tribe) Florida
- Lumbee North Carolina
- Manahoac Virginia
- Mattaponi Virginia
- Matecumbe (Matacumbêses, Matacumbe, Matacombe) Florida coast
- Mayaca (tribe) Florida
- Mayaimi Florida
- Mayajuaca Florida
- Meherrin North Carolina
- Mikasuki (Miccosukee) Florida
- Mobila (Mobile, Movila) Alabama, western Florida(?)
- Mocoso Florida
- Monacan Virginia
- Monyton (Moneton, Monekot, Moheton) (Siouan) West Virginia, Virginia
- Mougoulacha southeastern Louisiana
- Nahyssan Virginia
- Naniaba Alabama
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- Nansemond Virginia
- Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
- Neusiok (Newasiwac, Neuse River Indians) North Carolina
- Nottaway
- Occaneechi (Siouan) Virginia
- Oconee Georgia, Florida
- Ofo
- Okchai (Ogchay)
- Okelousa Louisiana
- Opelousa Louisiana
- Osochee (Oswichee, Usachi, Oosécha)
- Pacara Florida
- Pakana (Pacâni, Pagna, Pasquenan, Pak-ká-na, Pacanas)
- Pamlico (North Carolina)
- Pamunkey Virginia
- Pascagoula Mississippi coast
- Patiri southeastern Texas
- Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
- Pensacola Florida panhandle
- Quinipissa southeastern Louisiana
- Rappahannock Tribe Virginia
- Saluda (Saludee, Saruti) South Carolina
- Santee (Seretee, Sarati, Sati, Sattees) South Carolina (≠Santee Sioux)
- Santa Luces Florida
- Saponi
- Saura North Carolina
- Sawokli (Sawakola, Sabacola, Sabacôla, Savacola) Florida
- Saxapahaw (Sissipahua, Shacioes) North Carolina
- Seminole Florida, Oklahoma
- Sewee (Suye, Joye, Xoye, Soya) South Carolina coast
- Shoccoree (Schockoorees ?) North Carolina (also Virginia?)
- Stegara
- Stuckanox
- Sugeree (Sagarees, Sugaws, Sugar, Succa) South Carolina
- Surruque Florida
- Suteree (Sitteree, Sutarees, Sataree) North Carolina
- Taensa
- Tawasa Virginia
- Tequesta Florida
- Terocodame Texas and Mexico
- Timucua Florida, Georgia
- Tiou
- Tocaste Florida
- Tocobaga Florida
- Tohomé Alabama
- Tomahitan eastern Tennessee
- Topachula Florida
- Tukabatchee (Tuk-ke-bat-che)
- Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (later Niagara Falls, NY)
- Tuskegee
- Tutelo
- Tunica Mississippi
- Utiza Florida
- Vicela Florida
- Viscaynos Florida
- Waccamaw South Carolina
- Wateree (Guatari, Watterees) North Carolina
- Waxhaw (Waxsaws, Wisack, Wisacky, Weesock, Flathead) South Carolina
- Westo Virginia, South Carolina
- Wetumpka (Wee-tam-ka)
- Winyaw South Carolina
- Woccon
- Yamasee Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
- Yazoo
- Yuchi
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[edit] Southwest
The indigenous peoples of Central and South America are generally classified by language, environment, and cultural similarities.
- Abipon (verdwenen)
- Angaite (Angate)
- Ayore (Morotoco, Moro, Zamuco)
- Chamacoco (Ishiro)
- Chané
- Chiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi)
- Chorote
- Chulupí (Chulupe, Nivaclé, Ashluslay, Guentusé)
- Guana (Kaskihá)
- Guaraní
- Mbayá (Kadiweu, Caduveo, Guaycurú)
- Lengua (tribe) (Enxet)
- Lulé (Pelé, Tonocoté)
- Maca (Towolhi)
- Mocoví (Mocobí)
- Pilagá (Pilage Toba)
- Sanapana (Quiativis)
- Toba (Qom, Frentones)
- Vilela
- Wichí (Mataco)
[edit] Languages
- Aridoamercan tribes by location: [1], in Spanish
- Mesoamercan tribes by location: [2], in Spanish
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