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For other types of trawlers, see trawler.
A commercial trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.
[edit] TrawlingTrawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are dragged along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate one or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig). There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 hp or a large factory trawler with 10,000 hp. Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom. [edit] Trawler types
[edit] Design features
Design features for commercial trawlers vary substantially, as many national maritime jurisdictions do not impose compulsory vessel inspection standards for smaller commercial fishing vessels.[1][2] Modern commercial trawlers are generally diesel- or turbine-powered, with the trawl launched and recovered over the stern via a powered winch.[3] Many older trawlers had coal-fired steam-powered engines. In older trawlers the crew had to place and retrieve the nets by man power; this is still so with some small trawlers. Smaller trawlers may supplement their net-fishing capacity with longline fishing gear. The wheelhouse and superstructure are generally well forward to increase deck space for loading and unloading of nets. A large central hatch allows the swift unloading of netted fish directly into the hold. Larger trawlers may also have a stern ramp to allow easier recovery of nets.[3] Crew quarters are usually below the wheelhouse and may include bunks, with cot sides to stop the occupant from rolling out in heavy weather, and storage and drying facilities for seaboots and oilskins. The need for drying sea clothes is shown by a notice in at least one steam trawler's boiler room saying "Do not dry oil frocks [= a type of oilskins] over the boiler". [edit] ImagesImages on board 1960's-type trawler Ross Tiger, now in National Fishing Heritage Centre museum, Grimsby. It is about 126 feet long.
[edit] History
In the Middle Ages, Brixham was the largest fishing port in the South-West, and at one time it was the greatest in England. Brixham is also famous for being the town where the fishing trawler was invented in the 19th century. These elegant wooden boats were and all over the world, influencing fishing fleets everywhere. Their distinctive sails inspired the song Red Sails in the Sunset which was written aboard a Brixham sailing trawler called the Torbay Lass. Known as the "Mother of Deep-Sea Fisheries", its boats sailed all round the coasts and helped to establish the fishing industries of Hull, Grimsby and Lowestoft. In the 1890s there were about 300 trawling vessels there, each owned by one man who was often the skipper of his own boat. One of the biggest ports in England for trawlers was Hull in Yorkshire on England's north-east coast. Trawler designs adapted as the way they were powered changed from sails to coal-fired steam (by World War I) to diesels and turbines (by the end of World War II) During World War I and World War II, many commercial trawlers were used as minesweepers and naval trawlers, the activities being similar, and both the crew and the equipment aboard already suited to the task. The largest fishing port in Europe from the 1970s onwards has been Peterhead in the North-East corner of Scotland. In its prime in the 1980s Peterhead had over 500 trawlers staying at sea for a week each trip. Peterhead has seen a significant decline in the number of vessels and the value of fish landed has been reduced due to several decades of overfishing which in turn has reduced quotas. [edit] Spy boatsDuring the Cold War, some countries used commercial trawlers fitted with additional electronic gear to monitor the activities of their enemies: see spy ship. [edit] References
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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