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The Demographics of Kazakhstan is about the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. 
[edit] Demographic trendsOfficial estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 15.7 million as of 1 July 2008, of which 47% is rural and 53% urban population.[1] The 2008 population estimate is 4.8% higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999 (slightly less than 15 million). If these estimates are confirmed by the forthcoming 2009 population census, this would mean that the decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and possibly reversed. The population of Kazakhstan increased steadily from 6.1 million in the 1939 census to 16.5 million in the 1989 census. Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census. The downward trend continued through 2002, when the estimated population bottomed out at 14.9 million, and then resumed its growth.[2] Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s.[3] [edit] Population of Kazakhstan 1939-2008
[edit] Discrepancies in Western sourcesAs of 2003, there were discrepancies between Westerm sources regarding the population of Kazakhstan. United States government sources, including the CIA World Fact Book and the US Census Bureau International Data Base, listed the population as 15,340,533,[4] while the World Bank gave a 2002 estimate of 14,794,830.[citation needed] This discrepancy was presumably due to difficulties in measurement caused by the large migratory population in Kazakhstan, emigration, and low population density - only about 5.5 persons per km² in an area the size of Western Europe. [edit] Ethnic groupsAccording to the 1999 census there are two dominant ethnical groups in Kazakhstan, they are ethnic Kazakhs (53.4%) and ethnic Russians (30%) with a wide array of other groups represented, including Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Germans, Chechens, Koreans, and Uyghurs - that is, virtually any group that has ever come under the Russian sphere of influence. This diverse demography is due to the country's central location and its historical use by Russia as a place to send colonists, dissidents, and minority groups from its other frontiers - one can almost not understand Kazakhstan without understanding population transfer in the Soviet Union. From the 1930s until the 1950s, both Russian opposition (and such Russians "accused" of being part of the opposition) and certain minorities (esp. Volga Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Crimean Tartars, Kalmyks) had been interned in labor camps often merely due to their heritage or beliefs, mostly on collective orders by Stalin. This makes Kazakhstan one of the few places on Earth where normally-disparate Germanic, Indo-Iranian, Koreans, Chechen, and Turkic groups live together in a rural setting and not as a result of modern immigration. Most of the population speaks Russian; only half of ethnic Kazakhs speak Kazakh fluently, although it is enjoying a renaissance. Both Kazakh and Russian languages have official status. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the German population of Kazakhstan proceeded to emigrate en masse during the 1990s [1], as Germany is willing to repatriate them. Also much of the smaller Greek minority took the chance to repatriate to Greece, so did many Russians move to Russia. Some groups have fewer good options for emigration but because of the economic situation are also leaving at rates comparable to the rest of the former East bloc. Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan[5][6][7]
* For 1897 and 1911 "Russians" include all Slavs. 
Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan (Detailed Census Data)[8]
Total Slavic/European population 39.0% in 1999 (compared with 60.3% in 1959, 57.3% in 1970,54.5% in 1979, and 49.8% in 1989).[5] [edit] CIA World Factbook demographic statisticsThe following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[4] [edit] Age structure
[edit] Population growth rate
[edit] Birth rate
[edit] Death rate
[edit] Net migration rate
[edit] Sex ratio
[edit] Infant mortality rate
[edit] Life expectancy at birth
[edit] Total fertility rate
According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the TFR for Russians was 1.38, that for Russian speaking Kazakhs was 1.9 and that for Kazakh speaking Kazakhs was 2.9 and that for Kazakhs generally was 2.5. TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively. TFR according to regions: Almaty City-1.00, South - 2.86, West-2.26, Karaganda-1.59, North-1.72, East- 1.42. percentage of people currently pregnant was 2.89% (2.95% of Kazakhs, 2.49% of Russians and 3.42% of Others).[9][citation needed] [edit] Nationality
[edit] Religions
[edit] Languages (2001 est)[edit] Literacy (1999 est)
[edit] References
[edit] External linksFor current data, use these sites.
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