Enshakushanna

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Enshakushanna (or En-shag-kush-ana, Enukduanna, En-Shakansha-Ana) was a king of Uruk sometime in the later 3rd millennium BC who is named on the Sumerian king list, which states his reign to have been 60 years. He conquered Hamazi, Akkad, Kish, and Nippur, claiming hegemony over all of Sumer. He adopted the Sumerian title en ki-en-gi lugal kalam-ma^[1], which may be translated as "lord of Sumer and king of the land", or possibly as "en of the region of Uruk and lugal of the region of Ur"^[2]) and could correspond to the later title lugal ki-en-gi ki-uri "lord of Sumer and Akkad" that eventually came to signify kingship over Babylonia as a whole.

He was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash.

[edit] References

1. ^ FAOS 05/2, Enshakushanna 1, A at CDLI
2. ^ See e.g. Glassner, Jean-Jacques, 2000: Les petits etats Mésopotamiens à la fin du 4e et au cours du 3e millénaire. In: Hansen, Mogens Herman (ed.) A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen., P.48

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