This article is about Greek epsilon. For Latin epsilon, see ɛ. Epsilon (uppercase Ε, lowercase ε; Greek: Έψιλον) is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a close-mid front unrounded vowel /e/. It is also the primary letter used in Real Analysis. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 5. It was derived from the Phoenician letter He  . Letters that arose from Epsilon include the Roman E and Cyrillic Ye.
"Epsilon" (ἒ ψιλόν, "simple e") was coined in the Middle Ages to distinguish the letter from the diphthong αι, which started being pronounced the same way during the period of New Testament Greek.
The standard symbol for lowercase epsilon is the lunate epsilon ϵ[citation needed] (\epsilon,  , in LaTeX), which has its origins in Medieval Greek.
In mathematical notation, the minuscule open e symbol ɛ (\varepsilon,  , in LaTeX) from the extended Latin alphabet is often used interchangeably with the lunate epsilon.
The lunate epsilon ϵ is not to be confused with the set symbol  or falsely recognized as the lunate version Σ (Sigma).
Upper case: character code 0395 Lower case: character code 03B5
[edit] Symbol
The upper-case Epsilon is not a commonly-used symbol outside of the Greek language because of its similarity to the Roman letter E.
The lower-case epsilon, ε/ϵ, or open e, ɛ, (see above) is used as the symbol for:
- In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrarily (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
- By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4).
- In mathematics, the Levi-Civita symbol.
- In mathematics, to represent the dual numbers: a + bε, with ε2=0 and ε≠0.
- In mathematics, sometimes used to denote the Heaviside step function
- In set theory, the limit ordinal of the sequence
 .
- In computing, the precision of a numeric data type and floating-point machine epsilon.
- In computer science, the empty string, though different writers use a variety of other symbols for the empty string as well, including the lower case Greek letter lambda.
- In physics, the permittivity of a medium.
- In physics/electronics, the EMF of a circuit
- In physics, the strain of a material (A ratio of extensions).
- In automata theory, a transition that involves no shifting of an input symbol.
- In astronomy, the fifth brightest (usually) star in a constellation. See Bayer designation.
- In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the open-mid front unrounded vowel, (but generally written ɛ instead of ϵ) as in the English word "pet" (/pɛt/)
- In astronomy, Epsilon is the name for Uranus' most distant and most visible ring.
- In chemistry, the molar extinction coefficient of a chromophore.
- In economics, ε refers to elasticity.
[edit] Fictional names
[edit] Other uses
- Epsilon is the industry’s leading marketing services firm. Ad Age ranks Epsilon #1 U.S. Marketing Services Firm and #1 U.S. Direct Marketing Agency. Services include strategic consulting, database and loyalty technology, proprietary data, predictive modeling and a full range of creative and interactive services including brand and promotional development, web design, email deployment, search engine optimization and direct mail production. In addition, Epsilon is the world's largest permission-based email marketer.
- "Epsilon" is the name used by General Motors for the post-2003 Epsilon platform.
- EpsilonEuskadi carmaker [1] and EpsilonEuskadi LMP1 car.
- Hurricane Epsilon, a storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.
- "Epsilon Concepts" is the name of a digital agency founded by Robby Berthume and based in Los Angeles, CA, USA.
[edit] References
- ^ EPSILON EUSKADI==JOAN VILLADELPRAT & SERGIO RINLAND & JORDI CATON==AZKOITIA (43º 10' 22" N - 2º 19' 26" O)
This is an extract from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
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