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Ge (Ґ ґ, italic Ґґ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet mainly used in Ukrainian, representing the voiced velar plosive /ɡ/ (like g in the English word go). It is also called ghe or ge with upturn, or by its Unicode name, CYRILLIC CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN. The letterform of ge is based on the Ukrainian he, Г г, but its handwritten and italic lowercase forms don't follow the cursive modification of he, Г г.
[edit] HistoryThe common Slavic consonant /ɡ/ is represented in most Cyrillic orthographies by the letter г, called ge in most languages. In Ukrainian, however, sometime around the early thirteenth century, this sound lenited to the voiced velar fricative [ɣ] (except in the cluster *zg),[1] and around the sixteenth century debuccalized to the voiced glottal fricative [ɦ][2] (pronounced like the h in English hello). The phoneme continued to be represented by г, called he in Ukrainian. Within a century after this sound change began, /g/ was reintroduced from Western European loanwords. Since then, it has been represented by several different notations in writing. In early Belarusian and Ukrainian orthographies, Latin g or the digraph кг (kh) were sometimes used to denote the sound of Latin g in assimilated words. Later the practice of distinguishing this sound and using the digraph disappeared from Belarusian orthography. In the nineteenth century, the letter ґ, serving an identical purpose, was introduced into the orthographies of Ukrainian and Rusyn language. The letter ґ was eliminated from the Ukrainian alphabet in the Soviet orthographic reforms of 1933, its function subsumed into that of the letter г, pronounced /ɦ/ in Ukrainian. However, ґ continued to be used by Ukrainians in Galicia (under Poland until 1939) and in the Ukrainian diaspora worldwide. It was reintroduced to Soviet Ukraine in a 1990 orthographic reform under Glasnost. During the twentieth century, some Belarusian linguists, notably Yan Stankyevich, promoted both the reintroduction of the practice of pronouncing Latin g in, at least, newly assimilated words, and the adoption of letter ґ to represent it. However, consensus on this has never been reached, and this letter has never been part of standard Belarusian alphabet, seeing only sporadic periods of use. E.g., code of alternative Belarusian orthography rules, based on the proposal of V. Vyachorka and published in 2005, has the letter ґ included in the alphabet. [edit] Code positions
Its HTML entities are: Ґ or Ґ for capital and ґ or ґ for small letter. [edit] See also[edit] Notes Look up ґ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
[edit] References
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