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He is the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Epsilon, Etruscan
[edit] Origins
In Proto-West Semitic there were still three voiceless fricatives, uvular ḫ glottal h and pharyngeal ḥ. In the Wadi el-Hol script, these appear to be expressed by derivatives of
ḫayt "thread",
hillul "jubilation", compare South Arabian
ḥasir "court". In the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, ḫayt and ḥasir are merged into Heth "fence", while hillul is replaced by He "window". [edit] Hebrew Hei
[edit] PronunciationIn modern Hebrew, the letter represents a voiceless glottal fricative. /h/ may also be dropped, although this pronunciation is seen as substandard. Also, in many variant Hebrew pronunciations the letter may represent a glottal stop. In word-final position, He is used to indicate an a-vowel, usually that of qamatz (ָ ), and in this sense functions like Aleph, Vav and Yud as a mater lectionis, indicating the presence of a long vowel. Hei, along with Aleph, Ayin, Resh, and Heth, cannot receive a dagesh. Nonetheless, it does receive a marking identical to the dagesh, to form Hei-mappiq (הּ). Although indistinguishable for most modern speakers or readers of Hebrew, the mapiq is placed in a word-final Hei to indicate that the letter is not merely a mater lectionis, but that the consonant should be aspirated in that position. It is generally used in Hebrew to indicate the third-person feminine singular genitive marker. Today such a pronunciation only occurs in religious contexts, and then often only by careful readers of the scriptures. [edit] Significance of HeiIn gematria, Hei symbolizes the number five, and when used at the beginning of Hebrew years, it means 5000 (i.e. התשנ״ד in numbers would be the date 5754). Attached to words, Hei may have three possible meanings:
Hei, being five in gematria, is often found on amulets, symbolizing the five fingers of a hand, a very common talismanic symbol. [edit] In JudaismHei is often used to represent the name of God, as He stands for Hashem, which means The Name and is a way of saying 'God' without actually saying the name of God. In print, Hashem is usually written as Hei with a chupchik (apostrophe): 'ה. At the seder, during Yachatz there is a tradition to break the matzah into the shape of the letter Hei. [edit] Syriac HeIn the Syriac alphabet, the fifth letter is ܗ — He (ܗܐ). It is pronounced as a [h]. At the end of a word with a point above it, it represents the third-person feminine singular suffix. Without the point, it stands for the masculine equivalent. Standing alone with a horizontal line above it, it is the abbreviation for either hānau (ܗܢܘ), meaning 'this is' or 'that is', or halelûya (ܗܠܠܘܝܐ). As a numeral, He represents the number five. [edit] Arabic hāʾThe letter is named hāʾ, and is written is several ways depending on its position in the word:
Hāʾ is used as a suffix (with the harakat dictated by ʾIʿrab) indicating possession, indicating that the noun marked with the suffix belongs to a specific masculine possessor; for example, كتاب kitāb ("book") becomes كتابه kitābuhu ("his book") with the addition of final hāʾ; the possessor is implied in the suffix. A longer example, هو يقرأ كتابه, (huwa yaqraʼu kitābahu, "he reads his book") more clearly indicates the possessor. The hāʾ suffix appended to a verb represents a masculine object (e.g. يقرأه, yaqraʾuhu, "he reads it"). The feminine form of this construction is in both cases ـها -hā.
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