List of consonants

This is a list of all consonants which can be transcribed with a single letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the more common consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.

[edit] Ordered by place of articulation

[edit] Labial consonants

[edit] Bilabial consonants

• bilabial clicks [ʘ] etc.
• bilabial nasal [m] (man)
• bilabial ejective [pʼ]
• voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
• voiceless bilabial plosive [p] (spin)
• voiced bilabial plosive [b] (bed)
• voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ]
• voiced bilabial affricate [bβ]
• voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
• voiced bilabial fricative [β]
• bilabial approximant [β̞]
• bilabial trill [ʙ]

[edit] Labiodental consonants

• labiodental approximant [ʋ]
• labiodental nasal [ɱ] (symphony)
• voiced labiodental fricative [v] (van)
• Voiced labiodental plosive
• Voiced labiodental affricate
• voiceless labiodental fricative [f] (fan)
• voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative [ɧ]
• Voiceless labiodental plosive
• Voiceless labiodental affricate

[edit] Coronal consonants

[edit] Dental consonants

• dental clicks [ǀ] etc.
• dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
• dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
• dental nasal [n̪]
• voiced dental fricative [ð] (this)
• voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
• voiced dental plosive [d̪]
• voiceless bidental fricative
• voiceless dental fricative [θ] (thing)
• voiceless dental plosive [t̪]

[edit] Alveolar consonants

• alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
• alveolar approximant [ɹ] (red)
• alveolar ejective [tʼ]
• alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
• alveolar flap [ɾ]
• alveolar lateral approximant [l] (lead)
• alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
• alveolar nasal [n] (none)
• alveolar trill [r]
• velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
• voiced alveolar fricative [z] (zoo)
• voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
• voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
• voiced alveolar plosive [d] (done)
• voiced alveolar affricate d͡z
• voiceless alveolar fricative [s] (son)
• voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
• voiceless alveolar plosive [t] (ton)
• voiceless alveolar affricate t͡s
• voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬ]
• ejective alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬʼ]
• voiced alveolar lateral affricate [d͡ɮ]

[edit] Postalveolar consonants

• (post)alveolar clicks [ǃ] etc.
• voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ] (jug)
• voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒ] (vision)
• voiceless postalveolar affricate [tʃ] (chip)
• voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ] (ship)

[edit] Palatalized postalveolar consonants

• voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative [ʑ]
• voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative [ɕ]
• voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate [d̠͡ʑ]
• voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate [t̠͡ɕ]

[edit] Retroflex consonants

• retroflex clicks [ǃ˞] etc.
• retroflex approximant [ɻ]
• retroflex flap [ɽ]
• retroflex lateral flap []
• retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
• voiceless retroflex lateral fricative []
• retroflex nasal [ɳ]
• voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
• voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]
• voiced retroflex affricate [ɖ͡ʐ]
• voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
• voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]
• voiceless retroflex affricate [ʈ͡ʂ],

[edit] Dorsal consonants

[edit] Palatal consonants

• palatal clicks [ǂ] etc.
• palatal lateral clicks "[ǂǂ]" etc.
• palatal approximant [j] (yes)
• palatal ejective [cʼ]
• palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
• voiceless palatal lateral fricative []
• palatal nasal [ɲ]
• voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
• voiced palatal implosive [ʄ]
• voiced palatal plosive [ɟ]
• voiceless palatal fricative [ç] (human, but not hum)
• voiceless palatal plosive [c]
• voiceless palatal lateral affricate [c͡]
• ejective palatal lateral affricate [c͡ʼ]

[edit] labialized palatal consonants

• labialized palatal approximant [ɥ]

[edit] Velar consonants

• velar approximant [ɰ]
• velar ejective [kʼ]
• velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
• voiceless velar lateral fricative []
• voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
• voiced velar implosive [ɠ]
• voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (get)
• voiceless velar fricative [x]
• voiceless velar plosive [k] (kick, cat)
• ejective velar lateral affricate [k͡ʼ]

[edit] labialized velar consonants

• voiced labialized velar approximant [w] (witch)
• voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] (which)

[edit] Uvular consonants

• uvular ejective [qʼ]
• uvular nasal [ɴ]
• uvular trill [ʀ]
• voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
• voiced uvular implosive [ʛ]
• voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
• voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
• voiceless uvular plosive [q]

[edit] Radical consonants

[edit] Pharyngeal consonants

• voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]
• voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]

[edit] Epiglottal consonants

• epiglottal plosive [ʡ]
• voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]
• voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]

[edit] Glottal consonants

• murmured glottal fricative or transition [ɦ]
• voiceless glottal fricative or transition [h] (hat)
• glottal plosive [ʔ]

[edit] Ordered by manner of articulation

[edit] Nasal consonants

• alveolar nasal [n]
• bilabial nasal [m]
• dental nasal [n̪]
• labiodental nasal [ɱ]
• palatal nasal [ɲ]
• retroflex nasal [ɳ]
• uvular nasal [ɴ]
• velar nasal [ŋ]

[edit] Plosive (stop) consonants

• epiglottal plosive [ʡ]
• voiced alveolar plosive [d]
• voiced bilabial plosive [b]
• voiced dental plosive [d̪]
• voiced palatal plosive [ɟ]
• voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]
• voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
• voiced velar plosive [g]
• voiceless alveolar plosive [t]
• voiceless bilabial plosive [p]
• voiceless dental plosive [t̪]
• voiceless glottal plosive [ʔ]
• voiceless palatal plosive [c]
• voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]
• voiceless uvular plosive [q]
• voiceless velar plosive [k]

[edit] Fricative consonants

• alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
• voiced alveolar fricative [z]
• voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
• voiced alveolo-palatal fricative [ʑ]
• voiced bilabial fricative [β]
• voiced dental fricative [ð]
• voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]
• voiced glottal fricative [ɦ]
• voiced labiodental fricative [v]
• voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
• voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]
• voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒ]
• voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
• voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
• voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
• voiceless alveolar fricative [s]
• voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
• voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative [ɕ]
• voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
• voiceless dental fricative [θ]
• voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]
• voiceless glottal fricative [h]
• voiceless labiodental fricative [f]
• voiceless palatal fricative [ç]
• voiceless palatal-velar fricative [ɧ]
• voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]
• voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ]
• voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
• voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
• voiceless velar fricative [x]

[edit] Affricate consonants

• voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ]
• voiceless postalveolar affricate [tʃ]
• voiceless alveolar affricate [ts]

[edit] Approximant consonants

• alveolar approximant [ɹ]
• alveolar lateral approximant [l]
• bilabial approximant [β̞]
• labial-palatal approximant [ɥ]
• labial-velar approximant (voiced) [w]
• labial-velar approximant (voiceless) [ʍ]
• labiodental approximant [ʋ]
• palatal approximant [j]
• palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
• retroflex approximant [ɻ]
• retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
• velar approximant [ɰ]
• velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
• velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]

[edit] Flap (tap) consonants

• alveolar flap [ɾ]
• alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
• retroflex flap [ɽ]

[edit] Trill consonants

• alveolar trill [r]
• bilabial trill [ʙ]
• uvular trill [ʀ]

[edit] Ejective consonants

• alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
• alveolar ejective [tʼ]
• bilabial ejective [pʼ]
• dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
• palatal ejective [cʼ]
• uvular ejective [qʼ]
• velar ejective [kʼ]

[edit] Implosive consonants

• voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
• voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
• voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
• voiced palatal implosive [ʄ]
• voiced uvular implosive [ʛ]
• voiced velar implosive [ɠ]

[edit] Click consonants

• bilabial clicks [ʘ] etc.
• labiodental clicks [ʘ̪] etc.
• dental clicks [ǀ] etc.
• dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
• (post)alveolar clicks [ǃ] etc.
• alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
• retroflex clicks [ǃ˞] etc.
• palatal clicks [ǂ] etc.
• palatal lateral clicks "[ǂǂ]" etc.

[edit] See also

• Consonant
• Table of consonants
• List of phonetics topics