Macrolanguage

ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are defined as macrolanguages covering either significantly different dialects or a net of very closely related languages. There are 56 languages in ISO 639-2 which are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3. ^[1]

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language as defined by 639-3 in ISO 639-2, e.g. 'ara'. Others like 'nor' had their two individual parts (nno,nob) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. 'arb') that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

• Generic Arabic, 639-2 ^[2]
• Standard Arabic, 639-3 ^[3]

[edit] Types of macrolanguages

• elements that have no ISO 639-2 code: Only one element: hbs
• elements that have no ISO 639-1 code: several
• elements that have two ISO 639-2 codes: fas, msa, sqi, zho
• elements whose individual languages have ISO 639-1 codes:
  • nor with nn and nb
  • hbs with hr, bs, sr

[edit] List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

[edit] List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

[edit] aaa—ezz

[edit] aka

aka is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. fat — Fanti
2. twi — Twi

[edit] ara

ara is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.

1. aao — Algerian Saharan Arabic
2. abh — Tajiki Arabic
3. abv — Baharna Arabic
4. acm — Mesopotamian Arabic
5. acq — Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
6. acw — Hijazi Arabic
7. acx — Omani Arabic
8. acy — Cypriot Arabic
9. adf — Dhofari Arabic
10. aeb — Tunisian Arabic
11. aec — Saidi Arabic
12. afb — Gulf Arabic
13. ajp — South Levantine Arabic
14. apc — North Levantine Arabic
15. apd — Sudanese Arabic
16. arb — Standard Arabic
17. arq — Algerian Arabic
18. ars — Najdi Arabic
19. ary — Moroccan Arabic
20. arz — Egyptian Arabic
21. auz — Uzbeki Arabic
22. avl — Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
23. ayh — Hadrami Arabic
24. ayl — Libyan Arabic
25. ayn — Sanaani Arabic
26. ayp — North Mesopotamian Arabic
27. bbz — Babalia Creole Arabic
28. pga — Sudanese Creole Arabic
29. shu — Chadian Arabic
30. ssh — Shihhi Arabic

[edit] aym

aym is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. ayr — Central Aymara
2. ayc — Southern Aymara

[edit] aze

aze is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. azj — North Azerbaijani
2. azb — South Azerbaijani

[edit] bal

bal is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

1. bgp — Eastern Balochi
2. bcc — Southern Balochi
3. bgn — Western Balochi

[edit] bik

bik is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. bhk — Albay Bicolano
2. bcl — Central Bicolano
3. bto — Iriga Bicolano
4. cts — Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
5. bln — Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

[edit] bua

bua is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

1. bxu — China Buriat
2. bxm — Mongolia Buriat
3. bxr — Russia Buriat

[edit] chm

chm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. mhr — Eastern Mari
2. mrj — Western Mari

[edit] cre

cre is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:

1. crm — Moose Cree
2. crl — Northern East Cree
3. crk — Plains Cree
4. crj — Southern East Cree
5. csw — Swampy Cree
6. cwd — Woods Cree

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.

1. nsk — Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
2. moe — Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
3. atj — Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
4. crg — Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
5. ojs — Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
6. ojw — Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

[edit] del

del is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. umu — Munsee
2. unm — Unami

[edit] den

den is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. scs — North Slavey
2. xsl — South Slavey

[edit] din

din is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. dip - Northeastern Dinka
2. diw - Northwestern Dinka
3. dib - South Central Dinka
4. dks - Southeastern Dinka
5. dik - Southwestern Dinka

[edit] doi

doi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. dgo — Dogri (individual language)
2. xnr — Kangri

[edit] faa—jzz

[edit] fas

fas is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. prs — Dari Persian
2. pes — Western Persian

[edit] ful

ful is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:

1. fub — Adamawa Fulfulde
2. fui — Bagirmi Fulfulde
3. fue — Borgu Fulfulde
4. fuq — Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
5. ffm — Maasina Fulfulde
6. fuv — Nigerian Fulfulde
7. fuc — Pulaar
8. fuf — Pular
9. fuh — Western Niger Fulfulde

[edit] gba

gba is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. bdt — Bokoto
2. gbp — Gbaya-Bossangoa
3. gbq — Gbaya-Bozoum
4. gya — Northwest Gbaya
5. mdo — Southwest Gbaya

[edit] gon

gon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. gno — Northern Gondi
2. ggo — Southern Gondi

[edit] grb

grb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. gry — Barclayville Grebo
2. grv — Central Grebo
3. gec — Gboloo Grebo
4. gbo — Northern Grebo
5. grj — Southern Grebo

[edit] grn

grn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. nhd — Chiripá
2. gui — Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
3. gun — Mbyá Guaraní
4. gug — Paraguayan Guaraní
5. gnw — Western Bolivian Guaraní

[edit] hai

hai is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. hdn — Northern Haida
2. hax — Southern Haida

[edit] hbs

hbs is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sh. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

1. bos — Bosnian
2. hrv — Croatian
3. srp — Serbian

[edit] hmn

hmn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:

1. hmc — Central Huishui Hmong
2. hmm — Central Mashan Hmong
3. cqd — Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
4. hme — Eastern Huishui Hmong
5. hmq — Eastern Qiandong Hmong
6. muq — Eastern Xiangxi Hmong
7. hmj — Ge
8. mww — Hmong Daw
9. hnj — Hmong Njua
10. hrm — Horned Miao
11. hmd — Large Flowery Miao
12. hml — Luopohe Hmong
13. huj — Northern Guiyang Hmong
14. hmi — Northern Huishui Hmong
15. hmp — Northern Mashan Hmong
16. hea — Northern Qiandong Miao
17. sfm — Small Flowery Miao
18. hmy — Southern Guiyang Hmong
19. hma — Southern Mashan Hmong
20. hms — Southern Qiandong Miao
21. hmg — Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
22. hmh — Southwestern Huishui Hmong
23. hmw — Western Mashan Hmong
24. mmr — Western Xiangxi Miao

[edit] iku

iku is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. ike — Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
2. ikt — Western Canadian Inuktitut

[edit] ipk

ipk is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. esi — North Alaskan Inupiatun
2. esk — Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

[edit] jrb

jrb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

1. yhd — Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
2. aju — Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
3. yud — Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
4. ajt — Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
5. jye — Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

[edit] kaa—ozz

[edit] kau

kau is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:

1. knc — Central Kanuri
2. kby — Manga Kanuri
3. krt — Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:

1. bms — Bilma Kanuri
2. kbl — Kanembu

[edit] kln

kln is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:

1. eyo — Keiyo
2. sgc — Kipsigis
3. enb — Markweeta
4. niq — Nandi
5. oki — Okiek
6. pko — Pökoot
7. spy — Sabaot
8. tec — Terik
9. tuy — Tugen

[edit] kok

kok is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

1. gom — Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)
2. knn — Konkani language (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

[edit] kom

kom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. koi — Komi-Permyak
2. kpv — Komi-Zyrian

[edit] kon

kon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

1. kng — Koongo
2. ldi — Laari
3. kwy — San Salvador Kongo

[edit] kpe

kpe is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

1. gkp — Guinea Kpelle
2. xpe — Liberia Kpelle

[edit] kur

kur is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

1. ckb — Central Kurdish
2. kmr — Northern Kurdish
3. sdh — Southern Kurdish

[edit] lah

lah is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.

1. jat — Jakati
2. xhe — Khetrani
3. pmu — Mirpur Panjabi
4. hno — Northern Hindko
5. phr — Pahari-Potwari
6. skr — Seraiki
7. hnd — Southern Hindko
8. pnb — Western Panjabi

[edit] luy

luy is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luyia language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:

1. bxk — Bukusu
2. nle — East Nyala
3. ida — Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)
4. lkb — Kabras
5. lko — Khayo
6. lks — Kisa
7. rag — Logooli
8. lri — Marachi
9. lrm — Marama
10. nyd — Nyore
11. lsm — Saamia
12. lts — Tachoni
13. lto — Tsotso
14. lwg — Wanga

[edit] man

man is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

1. emk — Eastern Maninkakan
2. myq — Forest Maninka
3. mwk — Kita Maninkakan
4. mku — Konyanka Maninka
5. mnk — Mandinka
6. msc — Sankaran Maninka
7. mlq — Western Maninkakan

[edit] mlg

mlg is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 10 individual language codes assigned:

1. xmv — Antankarana Malagasy
2. bhr — Bara Malagasy
3. msh — Masikoro Malagasy
4. bmm — Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
5. plt — Plateau Malagasy
6. skg — Sakalava Malagasy
7. bjq — Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
8. tdx — Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy
9. txy — Tanosy Malagasy
10. xmw — Tsimihety Malagasy

[edit] mon

mon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

1. khk — Halh Mongolian
2. mvf — Peripheral Mongolian

[edit] msa

msa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:

1. btj — Bacanese Malay
2. bve — Berau Malay
3. bvu — Bukit Malay
4. coa — Cocos Islands Malay
5. jax — Jambi Malay
6. meo — Kedah Malay
7. mqg — Kota Bangun Kutai Malay
8. mly — Malay (specific)
9. xmm — Manado Malay
10. max — North Moluccan Malay
11. mfa — Pattani Malay
12. msi — Sabah Malay
13. vkt — Tenggarong Kutai Malay

[edit] mwr

mwr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.

1. dhd — Dhundari
2. rwr — Marwari (India)
3. mve — Marwari (Pakistan)
4. wry — Merwari
5. mtr</