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Thai numerals (Thai: เลขไทย) are a set of numerals traditionally used in Thailand, although the Arabic numerals are more common. Thai numerals follow the Hindu-Arabic numeral system commonly used in the rest of the world. In the Thai language, numerals often follow the modified noun and precede a measure word, although variations to this pattern occur.
[edit] Main numbers[edit] Zero to nineThai for zero, which also means center, depending on context, is clearly from Sanskrit śūnya, as are context-driven names for Alternate numbers 2 to 4, given below; but not one or its alternatives. Thai names for regular digits two through nine resemble those in Cantonese as spoken in Southern China, putative homeland of the Tai.[citation needed] That they are even closer to Minnan (Teochew/Hokkien) may be because most Thai Chinese are Teochew. Numerical digit characters, however, are almost identical to Khmer numerals. Shown below is a comparison between three languages using Cantonese/Minnan characters and pronunciations. The Thai transliteration uses the Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS).
[lit. = literary pronunciation] [edit] Ten to a millionSanskrit lakh designates the place value of a digit (ตําแหน่งของตัวเลข), which are named for the powers of ten: the unit's place is lakh nuay (ลักหน่วย); ten's place, lakh sip (หลักสิบ); hundred's place, lakh roi (หลักร้อย), and so forth.[1] The number one following any power of ten becomes et (Cantonese: 一, yat1; Minnan: 一, it4). The number ten (sip) is the same as Minnan 十 (sip8, lit.). Numbers from twenty to twenty nine begin with yi sip (Cantonese: 二十, yi6sap6; Minnan: 二十, lit. ji7sip8). Names of the lakh sip for 30 to 90, and for the lakh of 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000 and million, are almost identical to those of the like Khmer numerals.
The hundreds are formed by combining roi with the tens and ones values. For example, two hundred and thirty-two is song roi sam sip song. The words roi, phan, muen, and saen occur should with a preceding numeral (nueng is optional), so two hundred and ten, for example, is song roi sip, and one hundred is either roi or nueng roi. Nueng never precedes sip, so song roi nueng sip is incorrect. Native speakers will sometimes use roi nueng (or phan nueng, etc.) with different tones on nueng to distinguish one hundred from one hundred and one. However, such distinction is often not made, and ambiguity may follow. To resolve this problem, if the number 101 (or 1001, 10001, etc.) is intended, one should say roi et (or phan et, muen et, etc.). [edit] Numbers above a millionNumbers above a million are constructed by prefixing lan with a multiplier. For example, ten million is sip lan, and a trillion (1012) is lan lan. [edit] Decimal and fractional numbersColloquially, decimal numbers are formed by saying จุด (chut, dot) where the decimal separator is located. For example, 1.01 is หนึ่งจุดศูนย์หนึ่ง. Fractional numbers are formed by placing ใน (nai, in, of) between the numerator and denominator. For example, ⅓ is หนึ่งในสาม (neung nai sam). The word ครึ่ง (khrueng) is used for "half". It precedes the measure word if used alone, but it follows the measure word when used with another number. For example, kradat krueng phaen (กระดาษครึ่งแผ่น) means "half sheet of paper", but kradat nueng phaen krueng (กระดาษหนึ่งแผ่นครึ่ง) means "one and a half sheets of paper". [edit] Negative numbersNegative numbers are formed by placing ลบ (lop, minus) in front of the number. For example, -11 is ลบสิบเอ็ด (lop sip et). [edit] Ordinal numbersOrdinal numbers are formed by placing ที่ (thi, place) in front of the number. They are not considered a special class of numbers, since the numeral still follows a modified noun, which is thi in this case.
[edit] Alternate numbers[edit] AaiAai (Thai: อ้าย) first born (son) or Moon 1[2] [edit] EkEk (Thai: เอก) one (quantity); first (level greater than To โท second); lead (actor, role); in antiquity, a 7th daughter was called luk ek (ลูกเอก) though a seventh son was luk chet (ลูกเจ็ด).[3]; from Pali ḗka ' one ' [4] [edit] EtEt (Thai: เอ็ด, Cantonese: 一, yat1; Minnan: 一, it4) one; used as last member in a compound number (see above). [edit] ThoTho (Thai: โท two; second (rank)[5]; from Pali dūā ' two ' [6] [edit] YiYi (Thai: ยี่, Cantonese: 二, yi6; Minnan: 二, ji7) is still used in several places in Thai language for the number 2, apart from สอง (song): to construct 20 (2 tens) and its combinations 21-29; to name the second month of the traditional Thai lunar calendar; in the Thai northern dialect (TH: ถิ่น–พายัพ) refers to the Year of the tiger[7] [edit] YipYip (Thai: ยีบ) in colloquial Thai is an elision of ยี่สิบ (yi sip) at the beginning of numbers 21 through 29; therefore, one may hear ยีบเอ็ด (yip et), ยีบสอง (yip song), etc. [edit] SowSow (Thai: ซาว) 20 in the Thai northern dialect[8]; it is also frequently heard in Isan in the expression sow baht for 20 baht. [edit] TriTri (Thai: ไตร) three; third (rank); as a prefix, three(fold)[9]; from Sanskrit tráyaḥ, ' three ' [10]. [edit] Tone marks, education degrees and military ranksThe alternate set of numerals used to name tonal marks (ไม้, mai), educational degrees (ปริญญา, parinya), and military rankings derive from names of Sanskrit numerals.
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